Fiber Optic Communication

In recent decades, Cisco 1000BASE SFP transceivers have been widely used by many Ethernet users. There are many types of 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP transceivers on the market, such as Cisco GLC-LG-SM, GLC-LG-SM-RGD, GLC-LG-SM-20, which are operating on standard single-mode fiber-optic link spans of up to 10 km and up to 500 m on any multimode fibers. Among them, Cisco GLC-LG-SM and GLC-LG-SMD are two types of Cisco 1G SFP transceivers which are warmly welcomed by lots of Ethernet users. Do you know about them? And how to select? The detailed information about Cisco GLC-LG-SM and GLC-LG-SMD would be provided in the following passage. Overview on Cisco GLC-LH-SM The Cisco GLC-LH-SM 1000BASE-LX/LH Ethernet transceiver is a Duplex SFP transceiver for optical communications. It is fully compliant to Multi-Source Agreement (MSA), allowing it to function with other third party MSA compliant networking equipment. This 1000BASE SFP optical transceiver is capable of transmitting data at speeds of u...

Among all the 100G transceivers, most Ethernet users intended to use 100G QSFP28 transceivers instead of other 100G transceivers to connect switches, routers and servers. There are several common types of 100G QSFP28 modules, including 100G QSFP28 LR4,100G QSFP28 SR4, 100G CWDM4 and 100G PSM4. LR4, SR4 and IR4 are three common types of 100G QSFP28 modules. It is known to all that LR is set for long-reach transmission while SR for short-reach transmission. How about IR4? What is the difference between IR4 and SR4? A satisfied answer will be provided in this article. Introduction to 100G QSFP28 SR4 100G QSFP28 SR4 is a pluggable and parallel fiber optic transceiver for 100G Ethernet. This transceiver is a high performance module for short-range multi-lane data communication and interconnect applications. It offers 4 independent transmit and receive channels, each capable of 25Gbps operation in each direction with 112.2Gbps bandwidth for an aggregate data rate of 100Gbps with each la...

Nowadays, QSFP28 transceivers play a leading role on the market of 100GBASE transceivers for their smallest form-factor and lowest power consumption among other 100G optics. The common QSFP28 transceivers are 100GBASE-SR4, 100GBASE-SR10, 100GBASE-LR4, 100GBASE-ER4, 100G CWDM4 and 100G PSM4... Data can be transmitted through 100G QSFP28 transceivers connected with MTP/MPO patch cable or duplex LC patch cable. Different patch cables have different connector types, which must be plugged into corresponding interface correctly. Thus, it is imperative to be aware of 100G  QSFP28 connectors , interfaces as well as patch cables and that will be mainly covered in this passage. Detailed Information About Common 100G QSFP28 Transceivers Different types of QSFP28 transceivers match different patch cables. Here, we list some common 100G QSFP28 transceivers in detail, especially for their connectors and interfaces. MTP/MPO Connectors Applied For QSFP28 Transceivers As we can s...

With the popularity of 100 Gigabit Ethernet, more and more Ethernet users urge to update their transceivers for a higher bandwidth. Currently, there are several 100G transceivers available on the telecom market, they are CFP, CFP2, CFP4, CXP and QSFP28 transceivers. Among them, QSFP28 is highly favored by many people for its smallest form factor, lowest power consumption and etc. There are many transmitter and receiver types supporting the QSFP28 transceiver, including SR4, SR10, LR4 and ER4, which are defined by IEEE group. Besides, 100G CWDM4 and 100G PSM4 are also defined by MSA group. It seems that these two types of 100G transceivers are less common than the other types. So what are they? And do they have any difference? We would provide a satisfied answer in the following passage. Introduction to  QSFP28  CWDM4 Transceiver The 100G QSFP28 CWDM4 optical transceiver is a full duplex, photonic-integrated optic transceiver that provides a 100G Ethernet high-speed link w...

In recent decades, we are so astonished at the fast updating in telecommunication field that we worried whether we can keep pace with the speed of innovation such as the revolution of iphone series. In terms of Gigabit Ethernet, Direct Attach Cable (DAC) and optical transceivers are main media for switches connection in data transmission. With regard to 40G transmission devices, there are main three types: QSFP+ DAC cables, QSFP+ AOC cables and QSFP+ optical transceivers. QSFP+ DAC cable is used for short range transmission over copper cable while QSFP+ AOC cable used for longer transmission via fiber optic cable. Do they have more differences? And how should we select? In this passage, we will provide a satisfied solution to you. Overview on 40G QSFP+ DAC DAC assembly is a high performance integrated duplex data link for two-directional communication over optical or copper cable. There is a transceiver shaped device on DAC cable’s either end used to connect switches to routers...

As one type of cable, Twisted Pair (TP) has enjoyed a great reputation in telecommunication for many years. But what is it? Twisted pair is a transmission medium which is most commonly used to connect home and many business computers to the telephone company. “Twisted pair” is named for the cable inside which two insulated copper wires are twisted together, and each connection on twisted pair requires both wires. With this inner structure, crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires can be reduced. It can also help to reduce noise pickup from outside sources. These advantages are particularly valuable in wide bandwidth and high fidelity system. Based on different applied technologies, twisted pair cable can generally divided into two types—UTP and STP. The detail information about them and the major differences between them will be fully covered in this article. What Is Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)? UTP is short for Unshielded Twisted Pair, which is used for con...

To accommodate the improvement of data transmission between the serves and switches, DAC cable has been developed. Direct Attach Cable (DAC) assembly is a high performance integrated duplex data link for two-directional communication over optical or copper cable for lengths up to 50 m. Twinax cable is a kind of cable which contains two semi-conductors. That is different from coaxial cable which has only one semi-conductor within it. Nowadays, twinax cables have been widely used in many short-range high-speed differential signaling applications. There are two classifications of DAC cable—source and transmission speed. Copper twinax cable and Active Optical Cable (AOC) is two kinds of DAC cable. Within or without electrical components, active and passive copper cable are further divided. According to transmission speed, there are 10G, 25G, 40G and 100G DAC cables. So what are the main differences between active and passive DAC twinax cable? In the following text, we will provide a per...

In contemporary world, the Internet users have experienced the great changes brought by 10 Gigabit Ethernet and 40 Gigabit Ethernet. For most Ethernet users, 10/40GbE is more than sufficient, however, not enough for the increasingly growing enterprise networks. In order to enhance the efficiency of Gigabit Ethernet network, developers in data center researched and found out a solution—100 Gigabit Ethernet. 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) is groups of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at rates of 100 gigabits per second (100 Gbit/s), which conforms with 802.3bm-2015 standards. 100G Ethernet significantly improved efficiency on all aspects, such as bandwidth, space, power...There are many form factors of 100G transceivers including CXP, CFP, CFP2, CPAK, CFP4 and QSFP28. In this passage, we are going to mainly talk about CFP, CFP2, CFP4 and CXP. CFP Module CFP is short for C form-factor pluggable, and the first letter-C stands for the Latin letter C used...

Many Internet users have suffered a lot by lower bandwidth. In order to help people walk out this kind of deadlock, researchers and developers promoted 10 Gigabit Ethernet to meet the requirement of higher bandwidth for Internet users. For a single connection, 10 Gigabit Ethernet can arrive about 10000 MB/s, which is the 10 times higher than 1 Gigabit Ethernet. 10 Gigabit Ethernet can be shortened as 10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE, which is compliant with the IEEE 802.ae-2002 standard. Both copper and optical fiber cable can be used on 10GbE network infrastructure. How about 10G optical transceivers? Nowadays, the 10G SFP+, XFP, X2 XENPAK modules are ubiquitous in the telecom market. In this article, information about XFP, X2, XENPAK and SFP+ modules will be mainly covered. XFP Module XFP stands for 10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable, which is developed by XFP Multi Source Agreement. This transceiver uses optical fiber cable to transfer data, both single-mode and multimode fibers can...

As a worldwide leader in IT and networking, Cisco SFPs have long enjoyed a good reputation in telecom market. With high flexibility, enhanced reliability and high compatibility, Cisco SFPs have been warmly welcomed by many Gigabit Ethernet users. At present, 1000BASE-T SFP for copper networks already could not meet the requirement of people’s calling for a new transceiver for a longer transmission distance. Under this situation, Cisco 1000BASE-SX SFP transceivers were developed, which can support up to 1 km over optimized 50 μm multimode fiber cable. Cisco GLC-SX-MM and Cisco GLC-SX-MMD are two different common types of Cisco 1000BASE-SX SFPs. They seem very similar in specification, but actually they are two different SFPs. So what are similarities and differences between Cisco GLC-SX-MM and Cisco GLC-SX-MMD? The detailed information will be fully covered in the following text. Cisco GLC-SX-MM SFP Cisco GLC-SX-MM SFP 1000BASE-SX SFP is fully covered in IEEE 802.3z. It operates ...

1000BASE is a standard of Gigabit Ethernet and it stands for the transmission speed can be up to 1000 Mbit/s. It provides 10 times faster transfer speed than 100BASE Ethernet. The “BASE” means the based signals can only be Ethernet signals. SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable) is one of transceivers featuring compact form factor. Thus, 1000BASE SFP means that a transceiver with small form-factor applies for the transmission speed of 1000 Mbit/s. Nowadays, 1000BASE SFP has been developed into many different types according to different standards, such as 1000BASE-X SFP (IEEE 802.3z), 1000BASE-T (IEEE 802.ab), 1000BASE-LX10 and 1000BASE-BX10 (IEEE 802.3ah)... As a worldwide leader in IT and networking, Cisco 1000BASE SFP transceivers offer a rich set of choices in terms of speeds, protocols, reaches and supported transmission media. In this text, we would mainly introduce Cisco 1000BASE-LX SFP and Cisco 1000BASE-SX SFP for you. Cisco 1000BASE-SX SFP Cisco 1000BASE-SX SFP is fully cov...